Sunday, January 31, 2016

St. John of the Cross: Songs of the Soul in Rapture




St. John of the Cross[i] lived in the latter half of the 16th century. As a friend and confessor of St. Teresa of Avila he was arrested and imprisoned in the Carmelite Friary in Toledo where he was treated with incredible cruelty.  In his imprisonment he composed a number of poems which have become classics in contemplative theology. His poetry shows the influence both of secular love poetry and the Song of Songs.  “A nun asked him whether God ‘gave him these words which were so comprehensive and so lovely.’ John replied: ‘Sometimes God gave them and at other times I sought them.’”[ii] 

He speaks of the dark night of the soul and his search for God:
Et una noche oscura,                                      
Con ansias en amores inflamada,                   
ļOh dichosa ventura!                                      
Salí sin sera notada,                                       
Estando ya mi casa sosegada.                                    

Upon a gloomy night
With all my cares to loving ardours flushed,
(O venture of delight!)
With nobody in sight
I went abroad when all my house was hushed.

            The dark night is not gloomy in the normal sense.  The dark night is not a place of depression or accidie.[iii]  This darkness is expressed in Psalm 88 where the psalmist confesses that he is a man who has no strength; that he is shut in so that he cannot escape, and the precious knowledge that he is actually helpless.[iv] 

            It is precious knowledge because the discovery of the reality of the dark night of the soul is the discovery that we are helpless and that we can do nothing without grace.  That is only terrifying to the soul before the acceptance of helplessness.  After that surrender there is only relief, the relief that is in itself a birth of joy.  It is only there that we find all our yearnings inflamed to loving ardour;   that is indeed an adventure of delight.   

            It is important to note that there is nobody else in sight.  The time and occasion provided by solitude is the necessary bedrock for divine intimacy; but just because solitude can be a doorway into the presence of God doesn’t mean that intimacy with God is automatic.  Many people live in soul destroying isolation from others and they are alone and lonely.  Padre Fray Juan goes forth to seek the One Who loves Him in the silence of his house; that is to say that he has quieted himself like a weaned child quieted on his mother’s lap;[v] “Hush, my soul, be quiet.  Put your trust in the God of love.”

O oscuras, y sergura,                                      
Por las secreta escala disfrazada,                   
ļOh dichosa ventura!                                      
A oscuras, y en celada,                                  
Estando ya mi casa sosegada.                        

In safety, in disguise,
In darkness up the secret stair I crept,
(O happy enterprise)
Concealed from other eyes
When all my house at length in silence slept.




[i] St John of the Cross: The Poems, Translated from the Spanish by Roy Campbell, Introduction by P. J. Kavanagh, (London: The Harvill Press, 2000), p. 25-27.
[ii] Ibid. p. 13
[iii] To us today accidie appears as depression and its resulting sluggishness. 
[iv] Psalm 88:4, 8, 15 (ESV)
[v] Psalm 131

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