Monday, November 2, 2015

ACCIDIE: An Unrecognized Spiritual Ailment


One of the least recognized spiritual ailments is Accidie. To us today Accidie appears as depression and its resulting sluggishness. It is can also be a form of spiritual oppression.  That can happen when the Accuser is playing havoc with our guilts and self-doubt.  One of the Western Desert Fathers, Abba Poeman says, “Accidie is there every time one begins something, and there is no worse passion, but if a man recognizes it for what it is, he will gain peace.”[i] In later times Accidie was too simplistically regarded as laziness or sloth, but its original meaning was closer to the way it was used by the Desert Fathers.

Ultimately whether or not Accidie is regarded as despondency and listlessness, or as laziness, the cure for it rests in taking action; not on the basis of sudden inspiration, but in taking action as a fulfillment of a Rule of Life that springs from the discipline our Oblation. There are three types of Grace; Initiatory Grace the first flush of the Presence of God that often, but not always, comes with the beginning of life with Christ; Infused Grace which is the Grace that we experience at special moments of renewal, at retreats, or conferences, worship services, or at other occasions; and finally, Acquired Grace which is the slow building up of an awareness of the Presence of God that is the fruit of spiritual discipline.

Very simply, that means praying the Daily Office and reading the Rule of St. Benedict on a regular basis.

In making an Oblation of our lives in the context of our Monastery, the Oblation (a gentle vow) gives us freedom from ourselves, from distractions, from emotional ups and downs, and from unbalanced fervor and dryness.  There is a natural rhythm of undulation in our lives, both physically and emotionally, and also spiritually. Having ups and downs is a normal part of our experience.  The “downs” become Accidie when the rhythm is dominantly on the down side.

We make our Oblation in the context of a specific community but also in the context of our state of life, married, single, employed, or retired; or in whatever state of life we are in.  That state of life affects the pattern of spirituality that develops, but my own observation is that our state of life should not determine the pattern of our spirituality.  The Rule of Life that springs from our Oblation calls us out of the limitations of our state of life into the Presence of God.

What St. Benedict says is, “At the hour for Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let them abandon whatever they may have in hand and hasten (to prayer) with greatest speed, yet with seriousness, so that there is no excuse for levity.  Let nothing be put before the Work of God.”[ii]

            It is very difficult to drop everything “when the bell rings.”  What is often called into question by the Rule is our priorities.  Work is hard to set aside, but so also is accidie - that mingling of despondency and listlessness so clearly identified in The Sayings of the Desert Fathers

The late medieval mystic Van Ruysbroek reminds us that "love cannot be lazy"3[iii] The antidote for accidie, whether it is despondency and listlessness or sloth and laziness, is action. 

St. Benedict himself says, “Idleness is the enemy of the soul.”[iv] Part of the state in which all of us find ourselves is enmeshed in the dynamic principle of the second law of thermodynamics, “heat flows from a higher to a lower temperature but that it does not do the reverse.”  In a spiritual context that means that, when you are a week away from a retreat, spiritual energy tends to cool off unless it is sustained by the balance provided by a Rule of Life.  The Rule of Life builds in us Acquired Grace. The Rule of Life should be strong enough to provide an adequate challenge, but not so strong as to be unattainable.  As St. Benedict says, “that the strong may have something to strive for and the weak nothing to run from.”[v]

I also note that it seems to be a spiritual principle that God expects us to do more than we expect ourselves to do.  That has a direct application to our Oblation.  In my experience He is always right.
                                                                               
__________________________________________  
From the online dictionaries:

sloth; spiritual torpor or indifference; apathy. [1600–10; < Late Latin acēdia < Greek akḗdeia]                                                                    
 "Such was the deadly sin of accidiethe name of which is forgotten today, though the   thing itself is with us still." Medieval English 



[i] 2Benedicta Ward, The Sayings of the Desert Fathers, (Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications, 1975), p. 188
[ii][ii] The Rule of St. Benedict, Chapter 43.
[iii] Jan Van Ruysbroeck, The Sparkling Stone, The Library of Christian Classics, Late Medieval Mysticism, ed. Ray C. Petry, (PhiladelphiaL The Westminster Press, 1957), 308
[iv] Rule, Ch. 48. 
[v] Rule, Ch. 64.


No comments: